According to the recommendations on the use of protons issued by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in 2021, the greatest benefits are obtained in the treatment of:

- Tumours located in critical locations, surrounded by sensitive structures

- Tumours that are unresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and for which a dose-escalation approach is useful, as well as in cases where there is a need to reduce the overall toxicity of treating large volumes in combination with concomitant chemotherapy.

 Proton therapy is also indicated in solid tumours in paediatric patients.

In 2017 (Prime Ministerial Decree 12/01/2017) the Ministry of Health identified the oncological diseases for which Proton Therapy is considered appropriate and therefore guaranteed by the National Health System. In any case, it is advisable to undergo an evaluation by the referring specialist and inquire about access to therapy through the IEO International Office.