Adrenal cancer is very rare urological cancer and affects 1-2 people in one million, according to data from the Cancer Registry, with a higher incidence in the adult population. This type of urological cancer is treated by the Division of Urology at IEO.

At the European Institute of Oncology, a specialised team is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer guaranteeing comprehensive patient management by integrating medical and nursing competencies and placing the patient at the centre of the therapeutic process with an active role at each step.

IEO is one of the most important Centre of Excellence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, with the largest number of breast cancer patients treated worldwide.

At IEO the Division of Abdomino-Pelvic Surgery has excellent results and adequate volume of activity for the colorectal cancer treatment. The colorectal cancer is very common in western industrialised countries where it ranks third in terms of incidence and cancer mortality, behind lung and breast cancer.

At IEO, the Division of Gynecology takes care of gynecology cancer patients from the diagnosis and treatment to the follow-up. Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. In Europe, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer (after breast cancer) in women under the age of 40 years. In Italy, about 3,500 new cases of cervical cancer are estimated each year.

Endometrial cancer affects the endometrial, which is the lower part of the uterus. There are two main types of tumors in this area. The most common is squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the cells of the outer portion of the endometrial, the one visible during the visit, and the less frequent is adenocarcinoma which develops from cells that are in the endometrial canal and so more easily hidden.

Surgery of the oesophagus involves highly complex operations, the outcome of which are a function of the number of procedures carried out by a surgeon or associated with an individual hospital centre. It is therefore essential that patients suffering from neoplasia of the oesophagus can rely on a high-volume centre able to provide the correct multidisciplinary treatment choice using of the most advanced therapeutic techniques, such as the European Institute of Oncology.

At IEO a multidisciplinary team (otolaryngologist, maxillofacial surgeon and plastic surgeon, physiotherapist, speech therapist) allows the treatment of the advanced skin lesions of the head and neck district with the best standards for reconstructive surgery.

Hypopharynx cancer is a type of head and neck cancer treated with a multidisciplinary approach. At IEO hypopharynx cancer is treated by the Head and Neck Division.

Kidney cancer is one of the most common urological cancers. At the European Institute of Oncology, a specialised team operates in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer that guarantees comprehensive, all-round patient management by integrating medical and nursing competencies and placing the patient at the centre of the therapeutic process with an active role at each step.

Larynx cancer is a type of head and neck cancer treated with a multidisciplinary approach. At IEO Larynx cancer is treated by the Head and Neck Division.

The Division of Thoracic Oncology, directed and coordinated by Prof. Lorenzo Spaggiari, has a twofold mission: to improve the survival of patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer and to optimize their quality of life, throughout their journey. Within the Lung Cancer Program, a multidisciplinary approach is employed, that integrates innovative surgical techniques, cutting-edge medical therapies and personalized supportive care interventions. The team of experts collaborates closely to deliver individualized treatment plans that address the unique needs of each patient. Through ongoing research, education and compassionate clinical care, the multidisciplinary team strives to obtain meaningful results in the fight against lung cancer and offers hope to all those affected by this challenging disease.

At IEO, we offer comprehensive treatments for all patients presenting with hematological malignancies offering them the latest therapies following international guidelines and supportive resources. The Clinical Haemato-Oncology Division has developed a 24/24 hour assistance program (CARE) to guarantee support to all patients over the whole.

Lymphoma cancer is one of the type of blood cancer that affects the lymphatic system organs. The lymphatic system is an important part of the immune system. When lymphoma cancer grows out of control, it can spread at different parts of the body.

Mediastinal tumors can be developped in the mediastinum — the area of the chest that separates the lungs and contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus, and trachea. Mediastinal tumors are treated by the Division of Thoracic Surgery at IEO.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of conditions in which the bone marrow, at the centre of the bone, which produces the blood cells, does not work appropriately. It instead produces abnormal immature blood cells that are not able to function.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that occurs in a type of white blood cells known as plasma cells (PC). Multiple myeloma is treated by the IEO Haemato-Oncology Division

Cancer of the nasopharynx most frequently originates from the dimples that lie above the Eustachian tube (Rosenmuller’s dimples) and from the nasopharynx. It is an endemic cancer in Southeast China (30-80 cases out 100,000/year) but it is also present in the rest of Asia, the Mediterranean area, Africa and the United States.

Oral cavity cancers include a set of malignancies, mainly carcinomas that originate from the mucous membranes (95%), but also tumours of salivary origin, connective tissue or melanomas (5%) that originate at the level of the lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, cheeks, gums, palate (hard and soft) and the anterior tonsil pillars (mouth opening).

Oropharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the oropharynx. At IEO oropharyngeal cancer is treated by Head and Neck Division.

The Hemato-Oncology Division of the IEO treats several other hematological disorders, managed by the team of specialist doctors and nurses with a multidisciplinary approach. The hematologica disorders treated at IEO are: Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Primary Myelofibrosis, Essential thrombocythemia, Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and Chronic eosinophilic leukemia.

At IEO, the Division of Gynecology takes care of gynecology cancer patients from the diagnosis and treatment to the follow-up. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer and it is fifth most common cancer in the female population in developed countries. Each year, it is estimated that 65,000 cases are diagnosed in Europe, including almost 5,000 in Italy. At IEO, in September 2008, opened the Ovarian Cancer Center, a unique example of a multidisciplinary approach to patients with ovarian cancer.

The European Institute of Oncology is leading for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, integrating medical and nursing competencies and offering an approach that guarantees 360° prostate cancer management.

Pancreatic cancer accounts for only 3% of all cancers, but is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Pancreatic cancer affects men and women equally, with a peak of incidence around the age of 60.

Parotid gland tumor accounts about 70% of all cancers, 10-20% are from the submandibular glands while the sublingual glands are rarely affected. At IEO parotid gland tumor is treated by Head and Neck Division.

At IEO patients affected by pleural tumors follow a diagnostic and therapeutic course based on a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, thoracic surgeons, radiologists, radiotherapists and pathologists. The referring clinical IEO division for pleural cancer is Thoracic Surgery.

Melanoma is a skin cancer that originates in the majority of cases from the melanocytes found in the epidermis. Melanocytes are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis and produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colouration.

Skin cancers of epithelial origin (non-melanoma skin cancer) are the most frequent skin cancers in adult and later age, especially in the areas most exposed to ultraviolet rays, such as the face and back of the hands.

Stomach cancer is characterized by a growth of cancerous cells within the lining of the stomach. Also called gastric cancer, this type of stomach cancer is difficult to diagnose because most people typically do not show symptoms in the earlier stages.

At the European Institute of Oncology, a specialised team operates in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancers that guarantee 360° patient management by integrating medical and nursing competencies and placing the patient at the center of the therapeutic process with an active role at each step.

Thyroid cancer is the cancerous disease with the greatest increase in incidence in the population, regardless of sex and age. In women, thyroid cancer stands at second place after breast cancer in the age range between 0 and 50, and at the fifth place overall after breast, colon, lung, uterus in a patients over 50 years.